Fetal Distress

Fetal distress is a compromise of the fetus during the antepartum period (before labor) or intrapartum period (birth process). It is commonly used to describe fetal hypoxia (low oxygen levels in the fetus).

Fetal distress can be detected due to abnormal slowing of labor, the presence of meconium (dark green fecal material from the fetus) or other abnormal substances in the amniotic fluid, or via fetal monitoring with an electronic device showing a fetal scalp pH of less than 7.2

Signs and Symptoms of Fetal Distress:

• Fetal heart rate less than 120 or greater than 160 beats per minute
• Fetal hyperactivity
• Meconium-stained amniotic fluid
• Progressive decrease in baseline variability
• Late deceleration
• Severe variable decelerations

Nursing Interventions:

• Place patient in a lateral position, elevate legs
• Administer oxygen at 8-10 L/min via face mask
• Discontinue oxytocin (Pitocin) if infusing
• Monitor maternal and fetal status
• Prepare for emergency cesarean section